Setsubun is an ancient celebration based upon Japan's old Lunar calendar, when the first day of Spring at the end of winter was considered the start of the New Year. Setsubun is still observed today in modern Japan, both quitely at home and in large public festivals where evil spirits are banished and good fortune prayed for.

On the eve of setsubun, oni-uchi, or Devil extermination ceremonies are held in which the ritual of mame-maki (bean scattering) is enacted. Roasted soybeans are tossed inside and outside the home while chanting "Oni wa soto, Huku wa ushi" (out with the Devil, in with good fortune!)

Many Buddhist Temples also hold mass public setsubun observances where beans are tossed out to large crowds by popular television personalities, Sumo Wrestlers, and other notables. It is thought that eating the number of beans corresponding to one's age will assure good health and luck for the New Year.